1942 bitter rivalry began between the united states and the soviet union called the cold war.9/19/2023 ![]() ![]() The summit was the first meeting between leaders of the two countries since the 1950s and marked the official resumption of normal state-to-state and party-to-party relations.Ĭhinese leader Jiang Zemin reciprocated with a visit to Moscow in 1991, during which the two countries agreed to resolve a portion of their long-held border dispute. The relaxing of tensions led to the 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit, in which Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev visited Beijing to meet with Deng and other Chinese leaders. Under Deng Xiaoping, China pursued a more pragmatic, less ideologically driven foreign policy that enabled a détente with the Soviet Union. Significant tensions continued to simmer between the two communist powers until the late 1980s. The rift between the two countries was so severe that Chinese leader Mao Zedong pursued normalization of relations with the United States to balance against the perceived Soviet threat. ![]() Escalating tensions resulted in the Sino-Soviet split, which saw the two countries engage in open hostility, including the 1969 military clash at Zhenbao (Damanskii) Island, which nearly escalated to war. The relationship began to sour, however, in the mid-1950s when an ideological rift emerged between Beijing and Moscow after Nikita Khrushchev assumed leadership of the Soviet Union. Throughout the early 1950s, the two countries enjoyed strong ties founded on the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance-a bilateral treaty which established a security alliance and facilitated significant economic, military, and technological aid and cooperation. Click here to view other content in the series.įollowing the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in October 1949, China’s ruling Communist Party moved quickly to establish official ties with its communist neighbor to the north, the Soviet Union. This backgrounder is part of a ChinaPower series on China-Russia relations. ![]()
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